CDL basics: classes, endorsements and your permit
A commercial driver's license (CDL) comes in three classes, based on the vehicle. Class A covers combinations, like a tractor-trailer, with a gross combination weight rating of 26,001 pounds or more, where the towed unit is over 10,000 pounds. Class B covers heavy single vehicles over 26,000 pounds, like dump trucks and box trucks, towing 10,000 pounds or less. Class C covers smaller vehicles that carry 16 or more people (counting the driver) or placarded hazardous materials.
Endorsements are add-ons for special vehicles or cargo. Each one has its own knowledge test: H for hazardous materials, N for tank vehicles, T for doubles and triples, P for passenger vehicles, and S for school buses. X is a combined tanker and hazmat endorsement.
Your first step is the commercial learner's permit (CLP). You'll need a DOT medical card from a certified examiner, then you pass the knowledge tests at your state's licensing office. Everyone takes General Knowledge. Most drivers also take Air Brakes, and Class A drivers take Combination Vehicles.
Once you have the permit, you must hold it at least 14 days before the skills test. You can drive for practice only with a qualified CDL holder in the front seat beside you. Before the skills test, first-time Class A and B drivers must also finish Entry-Level Driver Training (ELDT) from a provider on the FMCSA's registry. For Hazmat, the ELDT theory must be done before you take the hazmat knowledge test.
